8,572 research outputs found
Who is Running the IMF: Critical Shareholders or the Staff?
The paper deals with the principal-agent relationship at the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We argue that residual control rights at the IMF are vested with the critical shareholders, the countries included in the G-7. This group controls vast financial resources and enjoys the highest regulatory and governance standards among IMF members. Imperfect incentives for monitoring and the complexity of the issues give staff and management a degree of autonomy. The evidence marshalled in the paper suggests that critical shareholders are in charge on those issues they care most about, leaving discretion to staff and management on peripheral issues.IMF, G-7, principal-agent relationship, critical shareholder, staff autonomy
A Voice is Worth a Thousand Words: The Implications of the Micro-Coding of Social Signals in Speech for Trust Research
While self-report measures are often highly reliable for field research on trust (Mayer and Davis, 1999), subjects often cannot complete surveys during real time interactions. In contrast, the social signals that are embedded in the non-linguistic elements of conversations can be captured in real time and extracted with the assistance of computer coding. This chapter seeks to understand how computer-coded social signals are related to interpersonal trust
Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current in N_f=3 lattice QCD with Wilson fermions and tree-level improved gauge action
The coefficient c_A required for O(a) improvement of the axial current in
lattice QCD with N_f=3 flavors of Wilson fermions and the tree-level
Symanzik-improved gauge action is determined non-perturbatively. The standard
improvement condition using Schroedinger functional boundary conditions is
employed at constant physics for a range of couplings relevant for simulations
at lattice spacings of ~ 0.09 fm and below. We define the improvement condition
projected onto the zero topological charge sector of the theory, in order to
avoid the problem of possibly insufficient tunneling between topological
sectors in our simulations at the smallest bare coupling. An interpolation
formula for c_A(g_0^2) is provided together with our final results.Comment: 16 pages including figures and tables, latex2e; version published in
Nucl. Phys. B, small additions to the text and references added, results
unchange
Water production rates and activity of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov
We observed the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov using the Neil Gehrels-Swift
Observatory's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope. We obtained images of the OH gas
and dust surrounding the nucleus at six epochs spaced before and after
perihelion (-2.56 AU to 2.54 AU). Water production rates increased steadily
before perihelion from molecules s on Nov. 1,
2019 to molecules s on Dec. 1. This rate of
increase in water production rate is quicker than that of most dynamically new
comets and at the slower end of the wide range of Jupiter-family comets. After
perihelion, the water production rate decreased to
molecules s on Dec. 21, which is much more rapidly than that of all
previously observed comets. Our sublimation model constrains the minimum radius
of the nucleus to 0.37 km, and indicates an active fraction of at least 55% of
the surface. calculations show a variation between 57.5 and 105.6
cm with a slight trend peaking before the perihelion, lower than previous and
concurrent published values. The observations confirm that 2I/Borisov is
carbon-chain depleted and enriched in NH relative to water.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, submitted to ApJ
Non-perturbative renormalization of the axial current in lattice QCD with Wilson fermions and tree-level improved gauge action
We non-perturbatively determine the renormalization factor of the axial
vector current in lattice QCD with flavors of Wilson-clover fermions
and the tree-level Symanzik-improved gauge action. The (by now standard)
renormalization condition is derived from the massive axial Ward identity and
it is imposed among Schr\"{o}dinger functional states with large overlap on the
lowest lying hadronic state in the pseudoscalar channel, in order to reduce
kinematically enhanced cutoff effects. We explore a range of couplings relevant
for simulations at lattice spacings of fm and below. An
interpolation formula for , smoothly connecting the
non-perturbative values to the 1-loop expression, is provided together with our
final results.Comment: 13 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures. Version accepted for publication in
PRD. References added, results unchanged. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1502.0499
A Circumstellar Disc in a High-Mass Star Forming Region
We present an edge-on Keplerian disc model to explain the main component of
the 12.2 and 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission detected toward NGC7538-IRS1 N.
The brightness distribution and spectrum of the line of bright masers are
successfully modeled with high amplification of background radio continuum
emission along velocity coherent paths through a maser disc. The bend seen in
the position-velocity diagram is a characteristic signature of differentially
rotating discs. For a central mass of 30 solar masses, suggested by other
observations, our model fixes the masing disc to have inner and outer radii of
about 350 AU and 1000 AU.Comment: 11 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
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